Scope of Experimental Psychology - 2276 Words

SCOPE: Scope of a field refers to the future a particular career holds, how it is applied, its value and importance in the society. Scope varies with culture, geography, technological advancements and some other factors. All in all, scope can be briefly defined as the pulls and pushes related to a field. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Experimental psychology is the most important branch of psychology. The credit for establishing psychology on a scientific basis goes to experimental method. This method is now being used more and more in psychological studies. SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: The scope of Experimental Psychology is widening with the invention of new tools and instruments for experiments. Therefore, it is in the fitness of†¦show more content†¦In 1965-66, the Department was able to purchase some text books and laboratory equipment and began to hum with Experimental and Testing activities. A new building for this Department was considered a must by the University because its activities had greatly expanded. The present building is the outcome of that great-felt need and was designed specially as Psychology Department. The Department moved in here in 1972 and started expanding in terms of Faculty members, Seminar Library, Laboratory Equipment and Psychological Tests etc. The Department presently offers specialization in Experimental Psychology and in other branches as well. The Department is also equipped with a laboratory for experimentation and also publishes a research journal Khyber Behavioral Studies[-4]. The progress of Experimental Psychology can be judged from the psychological Journals which are appearing since 1950. The Journal of Psychology renamed as the Psychology Quarterly from the Government College, Lahore began its publication from 1962 and an Urdu Journal called â€Å"Zehan† from the same College from 1978. The Department of Psychology of the University of Karachi is publishing the Pakistan Journal of Psychology from 1978. These Journals generally publish research articles. The Zehn is giving due attention to the Muslim Contributions to the Psychology, especially their psychotherapeutic techniques. A popular quarterly magazine inShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology is allRead MoreThe Synthesis Of The Course Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesexcitement, and enjoyment of the subject, I can say that the study of research methods has positively impacted my inclination/view of experimental psychology. Non-experimental research methods and Inclination towards Experimental Psychology The study of non-experimental research methods (NERM) served to further strengthen my inclination towards Experimental Psychology. In this case, the variable that caused an increase in my preference/ inclination towards said field was the study of the NERM, whichRead MoreEssay about Discuss How Psychology Developed as a Scientific Discipline1127 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss how psychology developed as a scientific discipline Prior to psychology being recognised as a scientific discipline in its own right, it was mainly a philosophical concept developed by theorists in areas such as animism and dualism. However, these philosophies were not based on objectivity unlike today’s psychology which maintains that for an investigation to be deemed scientific it must be based on the scientific method, which involves gathering empirical and measurable evidence. Read MoreA Look Into the World of Anorexia Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesYoungest Victims, (Fighting Anorexia- New Research Into Its Origins-and Its Youngest Victims, 2005, p. 1-3), briefly summarize the findings of various psychological research studies. In no way do these articles adequately provide details about experimental procedures or long-term research. To further understand and evaluate research, both articles would have needed to provide specific details such as; the manipulator, the independent variable, and the variable. More specific ally, the article CookieRead MoreThe Nature Of Psychology As A Discipline1714 Words   |  7 PagesIn the media we often encounter rather unfavourable portrayals of psychology, which characterize it as a â€Å"soft†, intuitive subject. It receives a lot of criticism for failing to precisely test and predict the examined phenomena. Psychology is falsely perceived by many as the pure study of the abstract, metaphysical â€Å"mind†. The ambiguity of the concept makes any scientific investigation of human behaviour questionable. However, this belief is a misconception. Although there are aspects of human behaviourRead MoreEducational Psychology : Vocabulary Terms1025 Words   |  5 PagesRegan Garey 1-18-16 Educational Psychology Vocabulary Terms 1 Action research- a process of different methods that are used to diagnose and solve issues that arise within schools or problems that teachers can face themselves. This process helps to improve or change the actions of those people involved. 2 Behavioral health- the range of mental and emotional well-being of a person. This would include how that person copes with normal, day-to-day activities to the challenges of life and everythingRead More Freud and Jung Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagescan only speculate at what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes play no function in psychology. Everything is relative and open to conjecture. Theologians give us their visions or thoughts about life. In the field of psychology, there have been many different regions of interest and speculation. Psychoanalysis has been the pinnacle of arenas to examine within the vast field of psychology. Psychoanalysis has been an area that Carl Jung has explored, critiqued and perfected in his lifetimeRead MoreApplications for Psychology in Adult Learning1319 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology and adult learning are inherently linked given their focus upon the internal processes of the mind. The field of psychology has increasingly been applied to inform the adult education practice. Psychology is oftentimes incorporated into the foundation of the training that is received by adult educators in training. The field of psychology provides answers to questions that are common within adult education. These questions include â€Å"What motivates students to attend classes? ThroughRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Psychology According to science philosopher Thomas Kuhn, the ongoing development of scientific paradigms is responsible for scientific progress. A scientific paradigm has three basic characteristics: a series of assertions that provide a model of the object of study, a group of common metaphors that assist with comprehension of the object of study, and a methodology that is accepted by the scientific community to provide legitimate and valuable data when carried out correctly. WithinRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them is

Racism Racism And Discrimination - 927 Words

From the beginning of time where slavery began, there is no sure way to know what stemmed the root of racism and discrimination. But who is to say that racism is a term that is only associated with Blacks, African Americans, or those of African descent. Racism according to Merriam Webster dictionary is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Even though it is a term that may be applied to the lack of respectful treatment against any race outside an individual’s own, it is more seemingly connected to the discrimination against blacks in today’s society. The black man as well as woman was made to feel inferior to his or her white male and female counterparts and they both were treated as such. Because of the oppression of people who have been discriminated against over time, there has been a gradual uprising and revolt against the treatment that they have received. Race and racism evolved out of a system created by the original colonists. They identified strongly with the Anglo-Saxon racial superiority. Race has been used to develop social class and hierarchies of power. According to German taxonomist, Carlos Linnaeus, he declared there were four races in the world and he attempted to rank them according to his beliefs of race superiority; white being the first and top race, yellow being considered the Asians afterwards, black also known as the Africa manShow MoreRelatedRacism, Racism And Discrimination1366 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and discrimination, with or without recognition or existence of the label that is tied to itself, has always been a large part of society that can be dated all the way back to the Fall of Man. It is apparent in books, such as To Kill a Mockingbird, and is expressed throughout the world today. In the early 1900s, racial discrimination was still very prominent, but has slowly digressed until recent year s where it has taken new forms. The historical context, the distinguished novel To Kill aRead MoreRacism : Racism And Discrimination1432 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is an issue still deeply engrained in virtually every aspect of American life. This country’s history is rooted in slavery and inequality among races. While there has been significant progress to realize a fair and equal America now and in the future, many citizens stubbornly cling to old, outdated and preconceived racial prejudices. For my experiment, I seek to further study and assess ongoing racism and discrimination by discovering and exploring the difference in potentially racist viewsRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1713 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one s own race is superior and has the right to dominate others or t hat a particular racial group is inferior to the others (Olsen, 2014) While most white Americans acknowledge that racism is a problem in the United States, white people are half as likely as black people to see it as a major problem. Three out of fourRead MoreRacism, Discrimination, And Discrimination1442 Words   |  6 Pagesand although the second time around might not be exactly like the first it’s the same in context. Majority of people can agree that forms of racism is still present in the 2000’s and others may beg to differ, but rather Americans acknowledge this or not it still stands that racism, discrimination etc still exists today. Today we face racism and discrimination more discreetly than they did during slavery and segregation. Inequality in the workplace and schools still exist. Police brutality among theRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause , the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreRacism And Discrimination903 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is a term that describes the injustice and antagonization of a certain race, whereas discrimination is the unjust and prejudicial treatment towards people or things of a different category or in a sense, the minorities, especially towards race, age, and sexuality. These heinous and prejudicial treatments are happening all over the world ever since the beginning of civilization, with the example of Jewish people being enslaved in ancient Egypt. It can even allude to you or people around youRe ad MoreThe Evolution Of Racism And Discrimination Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages The Evolution of Racism and Discrimination We live in a society where categorization is introduced to us at an early age: when we go grocery shopping, we find fruits labeled at different prices based of their varying origins; when you are introduced to new people, you’ll run into that person who kicks off the conversation by asking what astrological symbol you are. A random question? Not really, as soon as you respond with a â€Å"Gemini† or Capricorn† then you are automatically pigeon-holed into thatRead MoreRacial Discrimination : Racism And Discrimination1244 Words   |  5 PagesRacial discrimination has been an ugly face lingering around for generations. It baffles me how it still exists today. It’s interesting to me because how do you know who to discriminate against. What type of individual will promote such distasteful thoughts? Why is racial discrimination still relevant? I guess the real question will be is how to overcome racial discrimination. The beginning of racial discrimination stems from when the European settlers landed in America and conquered the NativeRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesRACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN NICARAGUA Myrna Cunningham Kain With the collaboration of: Ariel Jacobson, Sofà ­a Manzanares, Eileen Mairena, Eilen Gà ³mez, Jefferson Sinclair Bush November 2006 Centro para la Autonomà ­a y Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indà ­genas Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Autonomy and Development Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 Contents 1. 2. Introduction Structure of the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. RacismRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Racism1760 Words   |  8 PagesHistorian Robin DG Kelley once said, â€Å"[Racism] is not how you look, it is how people assign meaning to how you look†. In historian Kelleys interview, he directly touches upon discrimination as a concern society neglects to negotiate. Many individuals of color are perceived differently due to their pigment. Racism has been a growing concern in the United States for decades now, however, no significant progress is made by political officials in addressing it, making it a hotly debated, contagious

Harvey Wasserman’s Robber Baron Criticizing free essay sample

â€Å"Robber Barons† Harvey Wasserman’s â€Å"Robber Baron† is a harsh critic of not only legendary titans in the American business history, but also of the politics and politicians of the Gilded Age. In his monograph, the images of â€Å"robber barons†, corrupt politicians and laissez-faire government is conjured in the era wherein many important sectors of the American economy were dominated by a handful of firms as cut-throat business competition were compounded by frequent economic contractions that gripped the nation. Wasserman accused the captains of industry of financial trickery and of political corruption with the bribing of legislatures, and attacking them for the inhumane treatment of labor which included the imposition of heavy hours, unhealthy working conditions and using cheap immigrant labor to undercut wage rates. But above all, Wasserman condemned them as merciless monopolists who engaged in ruthless competition by choking off rivals using railroad rebates, controlling raw materials and money supply, and the forced purchase of competing firms. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvey Wasserman’s Robber Baron: Criticizing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Wasserman, Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt all had something in common they were all â€Å"Robber Barons† who monopolize the railroad, petroleum, banking, and steel industries, profiting massively and gaining personally, but not doing a whole lot for the common wealth. Many of the schemes and techniques that are used today to rob people of what is rightfully theirs, such as pensions, stocks, and even their jobs, were invented and used often by these four men. Wasserman’s narrative relentlessly pursue troubling and crippling side effects of the Gilded Age: high levels of political corruption, the arrogance of global economic power, the twisting of the U. S. tax code, and the voter belief in the captivity of government to private interests. But is it fair to consummate in totality, as per Wasserman, these early industrialists as â€Å"robber barons† and the business practices of the Gilded Age as completely corrupt and pointless? The stereotype is indeed irresistible, especially so that it resonates in our time with the Enron, WorldCom and other corporate debacles. But nonetheless, Wasserman’s critique of capitalism is one-sided and obscures other dimensions of corporate activity and opportunity during the era. Take for instance, the doubling of the number of farms and the amount of land in cultivation during the period, the increased size of the workforce, especially in the manufacturing sector, the increased railroad track mileage and the swelling of steel production – all pointed to a surging Gross National Product (GNP). With increased life expectancy, economic data proved that industrialization indeed did raise the standard of living for the majority of Americans during that era. The railroads that became the point of contention between business moguls, was the definite symbol of industrialization as it lowered the cost of shipping freight, which in turn permitted the reduction in the prices consumers paid for food and durable items, thus creating the evolution of national markets that stimulated new levels of competition, opportunity and further growth. Although it still remains an endless debate as to the exact preposition that beholds the likes of Carnegies, Rockefeller, Morgan and Vanderbilt, it is beyond doubt that corporations, a number of which were owned by these men, were the engines of economic growth. In the 40 years following Appomattox, the United States amazed European investors and bankers with the speed at which she changed from a backward agricultural republic to the most powerful industrial force in the world. During the years of the so-called â€Å"robber barons†, America outpaced other nations by large margins when it came to growth in per-capita income, industrial production and rising values generally. Moreover, the Gilded Age also saw economic participation at all levels of society, including numerous previously disenfranchised constituencies. Thus, it is worth noting, Wasserman’s narrative, along with that of Charles Beard and Matthew Josephson (the original creator of the â€Å"robber barons† dichotomy), needs a further reassessment. From Wasserman’s narrative, it is easy to reach the conclusion that the post Civil War program providing subsidies to western railroads was a disaster, a way of transferring millions of the people’s wealth to a few politically well-connected plutocrats. Seemingly, it would have been attempted. But when all the dust settled, the United States did have a transcontinental railroad. Without the offer of mammoth government subsidies, such railroad construction would not have happened for decades.

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essay Example

The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper Instead of going upstairs to check out the bosss office, I went downstairs out of sheer curiosity. I was led into a parking garage where there was a single car parked with its lights on. I did not possess the courage to walk up to the car and look Into the window because I scare easily and going into this game without knowing anything about It, I was thoroughly convinced at this point that It would feature some pop-out/screamer element to it that I did not want to fall prey to. I avoided the car and walked into the adjacent room, wherein the narrator began describing Stanley thought process. He came to the realization that he was dreaming and started to command the dream, seeing a field of stars In front of him and feeling himself float. Then he became tired of dreaming and wanted to Just wake up next to his wife, so he closed his eyes and the screen went black for me as Stanley willed himself to wake up for a lengthy yet calming period of time in darkness. The eyes opened back up and I was still in the same endlessly repeating set of rooms as I was in the entire time. The narrator said that Stanley began to scream over and over out of insanity and the edges of the screen reddened and finally went black. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Stanley Parable Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer That play through closed with an image of Stanley lying face down on a sidewalk with a woman staring at him because the narrator tells me that he was Leary a crazy man, walking around town and screaming until he collapsed on the street. The longest play through that I experienced was when I chose to ignore the narrators Instructions from the fork of the two doors. I chose the right door and moved past several rooms in which the narrator scolded Stanley for not proceeding with. Entering a room with a crane, I had it transport me to the other side of the room. From there, I entered a room with a single telephone that was ringing, apparently from a woman who Is In a very close yet recently strained relationship with Stanley as I gathered from the narrators description. I saw that there was a power chord leading to the wall socket from the phone, so I unplugged It and the narrator became aware of the fact that I was a player controlling Stanley. I was then shown an old, grainy, AS-stylized short film on the subject of choice. The narrator had me go back to the room with the two doors. I selected the right door once again and could not proceed from there because it appeared as if had broken the games infrastructure because the scenery and game objects had begun to implode on I OFF themselves Ana run Into can toner. I en narrator Ana grown very angry Witt me Ana hut the game down. When I came to again, I was above the ceiling with Stanley below. I was able to see all of him and the narrators voice came in again, this time muffled because I was technically above the room. The credits rolled for that play through and I had beaten/broke the game. The shortest play through I experienced was very similar to the last one. I had taken notice that when I had to take the crane back to the office, the narrator had put on restrictive gates so as to prevent me from stepping off across the way. I repeated the same process until reaching that room and had the crane take me all the way up ND then I plummeted to my death down below. The narrator was displeased. On the next play through, I decided to adhere to the narrators instructions, but I could not help myself and I disobeyed after a certain point. I went up the stairs instead of down, like the first time, and I went into the bosss room. It was empty and I was prompted by the narrator to punch in a four-digit code behind the bosss desk. A secret door was revealed, which I followed and then took an elevator downstairs. It seemed that I was entering an underground system and I saw a room labeled the Mind Control area, however a passageway to the left of it featuring a cardboard sign with escape crudely written on it seemed more appealing to me, so I ventured in that direction. As per usual, the narrator wanted me to return to the path that he intended for Stanley, but I persisted down this narrow hallway and eventually fell down a chute where I was on a conveyer belt, soon to be pounded into a cube of meat. Just as I was destroyed, a female narrator took over and I saw light of day once more inside an unfamiliar environment. It was a white museum dedicated to game prices and facts about the development stages of the game itself, which I found very neat and explored the place for about ten minutes. Once I exited, I was returned to the conveyer belt and subsequently smashed, having no choice but to start the game over again, as hastily instructed by the female narrator. On another play through, I spent time in the office that Stanley began in to observe if there was something I was missing from the beginning to help open up another aspect of the game that I had yet to discover. I found that I was able to close the door on myself, bringing about an ending of the game where the narrator expressed that Stanley was too nervous to leave his office and instead Just waited for what seemed like eternity. My favorite play through was probably the first one where Stanley thought he was dreaming and then blacked out from screaming out of insanity. The play through scared me to the bone, but it was an incredibly immerse experience and I was legitimately frightened to continue from the moment I entered the parking garage, but the fact that the game was able to shake me up to that degree really impresses The only confusion that I experienced when I began the game was story related. I as at a loss for what direction the story would unfold in and what sort of tonality it had. The controls themselves were very simple and implicit enough that I picked them up very quickly. As far as how to play the game is concerned, I also picked up on the fact that the narrator does not have to be obeyed all of the time and the game usually becomes more enjoyable once he is ignored. Most AT ten game Is comprises AT emergent narrative Decease ten gamely consists of whatever the individual player chooses to do. If you sat two players down across from each other and had them each start the game, they would assuredly venture own different pathways, making the narrated elements to the story different for the both of them. The only embedded narrative occurs before the player has control of Stanley, when a brief cut scene is shown of Stanley at his desk accompanied by narration describing his workday and Job requirements. A mystery that I explored in the game was the unlocking of the achievement listed on Steam that claimed that knocking on door 430 five times would give me an achievement. I had Stanley perform this task and the narrator immediately became aware of my desire to unlock the achievement, so he kept upping the ante from five knocks to twenty, fifty, five more, and then he even had me knock on other doors. At one point, he asked me to knock on the copy machine, but I could not find a copy machine and accidentally entered an area where the door behind me locked and I could not reenter. Although I was not able to complete this mystery, it did reveal that the game has an extremely self-aware sense of humor. This made the narrative more meaningful because on subsequent plays, I was more eager to test the narrators patience, which lead to some very funny story devices, (my personal favorite being the broom closet).

Corruption and Poverty

Corruption and Poverty Free Online Research Papers Corruption is both a major cause and a result of poverty around the world. It occurs at all levels of society, from local and national governments, civil society, judiciary functions, large and small businesses, military and other services and so on. Corruption affects the poorest the most, whether in rich or poor nations. The issue of corruption is very much inter-related with other issues. At a global level, the â€Å"international† (Washington Consensus-influenced) economic system that has shaped the current form of globalization in the past decades requires further scrutiny for it has also created conditions whereby corruption can flourish and exacerbate the conditions of people around the world who already have little say about their own destiny. A difficult thing to measure or compare, however, is the impact of corruption on poverty versus the effects of inequalities that are structured into law, such as unequal trade agreements, structural adjustment policies, so-called â€Å"free† trade agreements and so on. It is easier to see corruption. It is harder to see these other more formal, even legal forms of â€Å"corruption.† It is easy to assume that these are not even issues because they are part of the laws and institutions that govern national and international communities and many of us will be accustomed to it- it is how it works, so to speak. Those deeper aspects are discussed in other parts of this web site’s section on trade, economy, related issues. That is not to belittle the issue of corruption, however, for its impacts are enormous too.  «Ã ¢Ã °Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ã' Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'  Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ºÃ °Ã'‚Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¸ Ð ½Ã µ Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ¸Ã ²Ã °Ã µÃ'‚! КÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'  Ã'Æ'Ð ³Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã °Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã °Ã'€Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã °, Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ' Ð ¸ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¹ Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ±Ã ¸Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸. И Ð ¼Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ¶Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ¸ Ã'€Ð µÃ'ˆÐ ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð ±Ã'Æ' Ã'  Ð ½Ã µÃ ¹. ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ' Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ã'  Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'Å Ã' Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã'Ž Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ¼Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã °Ã µÃ ¼ ОÐ ±Ã'‰Ð µÃ ½Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ¾Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã »Ã °Ã ½ Ð ´Ã µÃ ¹Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ¹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð ±Ã µ Ã'  Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã'†Ð ¸Ã µÃ ¹Ã‚ » Ð’Ð µÃ'€Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã' Ã'Å' Ð º Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã °Ã ¼ Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã ºÃ °Ã ·Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¸ Ð ·Ã ° Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'Ž, Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ·Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã »Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã » Ã' Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ³Ã °Ã ½ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã °Ã ¼ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð ±Ã'‹ Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ Ã' Ã ²Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ¸ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã' Ã ½Ã ¸Ã »:  «Ãâ€™Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð ±Ã'‹ Ã'  Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã'†Ð ¸Ã µÃ ¹ Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¾Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ² Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¼ Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ³Ã °Ã ½Ã µ. Ð £ Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ Ð ·Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð °Ã ³Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð ±Ã µ Ã'  Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'€Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã'†Ð ¸Ã µÃ ¹, КÐ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ½Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ¾Ã ½Ã °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ·Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã °Ã' Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸, Ð ½Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ð µ Ã' Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã ±Ã'‹. Ð Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¹Ã ¼Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å', Ã'  Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' ». one would expect that corruption is more likely to take place when civil servants are paid very low wages and often must resort to collecting bribes in order to feed their families. Research Papers on Corruption and PovertyPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Project Managment Office System

Margins in Essays and Reports - Definition and Guidelines

Margins in Essays and Reports - Definition and Guidelines The part of a page thats outside the main body of text  is a margin.  Word processors let us set margins so that theyre either aligned (justified) or ragged (unjustified). For most school or college writing assignments (including articles, essays, and reports), only the left-hand margin should be justified. (This glossary entry, for instance, is left justified only.) As a general rule, margins of at least one inch should appear on all four sides of a hard copy. The specific guidelines below have been drawn from the most commonly used style guides. Also, see: Block QuotationIndentationJustificationSpacing Etymology From the Latin, border Guidelines APA Guidelines on MarginsLeave uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, left, and right of every page. Combined with a uniform typeface and font size, uniform margins enhance readability and provide a consistent gauge for estimating article length.(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. APA. 2010)MLA Guidelines on MarginsExcept for page numbers, leave margins  of one inch at the top and bottom and on both sides of the text. . . . If you lack 8 ½-by-11-inch paper and use a larger size, do not print the text in an area greater than 6 ½ by 9 inches. Indent the first word of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin. Indent set-off quotations one inch from the left margin.(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. The Modern Language Association of America, 2009)Turabians Chicago-Style Guidelines on MarginsNearly all papers in the United States are produced on standard pages of 8 ½ x 11 inches. Leave a margin o f at least one inch on all four edges of the page. For a thesis or dissertation intended to be bound, you may need to leave a bigger margin on the left sideusually 1 ½ inches.Be sure that any material placed in headers or footers, including page numbers and other identifiers . . ., falls within the margins specified in your local guidelines.(Kate L. Turabian et al., A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, 8th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2013) Guidelines on Margins in Business Letters and ReportsUse a 2-inch top margin for the first page of a business letter printed on letterhead stationery. Any second and succeeding pages of a business letter have 1-inch top margins. Use left justification.Select the side margins according to the number of words in the letter and the size of the font used to prepare the letter. Set the margins after keying the letter and using the word count feature of your word processing program. . . .Reports and manuscripts may be prepared with either 1.25-inch left and right margins or 1-inch left and right margins, depending upon the preference of the originator. If the report or manuscript is to be bound on the left, allow an additional 0.25 inch for the left margin.The first page of major parts (title page, table of contents, bibliography, etc.) and the opening page of sections or chapters require a 2-inch top margin, 2.25 inches for top-bound documents.(James L. Clark and Lyn R. Clark, How 10: A H andbook for Office Workers, 10th ed.  Thomson/South-Western, 2003) The New TypographyIn the New Typography margins often almost entirely disappear. Of course, type cannot in most cases be set right up to the edge of the paper, which would hinder legibility. In small items of printed matter, 12 to 24 points are the minimum margin required; in posters 48 points. On the other hand, borders of solid red or black can be taken right up to the edge, since unlike type they do not require a white margin to achieve their best effect.(Jan Tschichold, The Principles of the New Typography, in Texts on Type: Critical Writings on Typography, ed. by Steven Heller and Philip B. Meggs. Allworth Communications, 2001) Pronunciation: MAR-jen

Proplem statment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proplem statment - Essay Example This however does not hold up when the internal structure is considered. Employees see things very differently from an outside observer. My individual experience as a team leader and EVP in the company is that there is an absence of both satisfaction with the job and poor employee motivation to succeed. The company employs both Kuwaiti nationals and a number of expatriates. This observed lack of motivation has a negative effect on work habits and the consequent outcomes. There is a lack of enthusiasm in the workplace and the result is a failure to meet expected outcomes. Another difficulty is the relationship between management or leaders and workers or followers. Within KFIC, as discussed earlier in the module on management change, the making of decisions is kept within the upper layers of management at CEO level and with the company chairman. Others in the company, supposedly in positions of leadership are prevented from making decisions in their own rights as they are not given su fficient information, and have neither the skills required or the authority within the workplace that would enable them to do so. The other members of the work teams are well aware of this situation and this makes for poor co-worker relationships. Information is restricted to an elite and the result is a lack of motivation on the part of both team leaders and others. ... This means that there is much private knowledge which must naturally be safeguarded. However unless leaders and workers have sufficient knowledge they are unlikely to be able to make required decisions and carry out tasks given to a satisfactory level. The KFC problem discussion in light of available literature In 2001 Guthrie discussed how the most successful businesses do not rely only upon their obvious assets, but also depend upon more intangible things such as knowledge creation and information held. This is something that KFIC needs to take hold of. They need to understand the importance of knowledge creation and the process of passing on necessary information. There have been a number of studies on the topic of knowledge management i.e knowledge creation, sharing and transfer according to Mitchell and Boyle ( 2010). They argue that for knowledge creation it is necessary to conceptualize knowledge and to build a consistency of operations. As Coff indicated in 2003 KFIC needs to create knowledge about organizational aspects of their operation, but also stress social aspects. Drucker (1998), as cited by Mitchell & Boyle, 2010) explained that it is employees rather that employers who should control and own knowledge production. Â   In their 2010 work Mitchell & Boyle give evidence based upon a number of earlier research studies about the importance of the creation of knowledge. This they say is because it both provides a means of competitive advantage in the market place, but also adds worth to an organization.. KFIC, as an organization, need to comprehend how important knowledge is to their future success. This should then motivate them to search for ways in which they can gain and create suitable aspects of knowledge. The knowledge

Environment and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Environment and development - Essay Example What is perceived of the term ‘Ethical Consumption’, at the very basic level, is the buying, purchasing, consuming or to obtain something for one’s own personal or (at least related) use; keeping in mind the ethical values one has established for one’s own sake. Now different people may have different ethical values but beings with similar ethical values tend to form groups and societies as illustrated by Stuart Hall: â€Å"†¦the word can be used to describe the ‘shared values’ of a group or of a society† (Hall , p.2). These groups tend to act as mass ‘effectors’ and can really bring change in lieu of what they consider ethically right or wrong. However, the correctness of their own ethical views does not matter in this regard since most people form almost the same ethical values concerning certain aspects of our planet, the humanity and the environment. Now people who buy, with reference to their own established Ã¢â‚¬Ë œethical standards’ of shopping or consuming to be more precise may consider a certain product to be ethically wrong or being produced in a manner which is ethically wrong or its very production effects certain aspects which the consumer tends to care about, and hence considers the production ethically wrong; now this consumer, who considers a product to be immoral may boycott its purchase or avoid it at all possible costs, at least that’s the general perceived reaction from a consumer who buys in accordance to his ethical standards. And the same can be expected off a certain group formed due to similar ethical standards concerning a certain product, and it is quite evident that the group and even the individual alone can affect the market value of that certain product in a positive (if the product meets their ethical standards) or negative (if the product does not meet their ethical standards) manner. But it is not always the case that the consumer considers buying wi th respect to his/ her

Resurrection and Body Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Resurrection and Body Paragraph Essay Detail 1:Carton believes that he is a waste of life and has no purpose being the world †¢ I am a disappointed drudge, sir I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me. (2. 4. 70) †¢Detail 2:Starts to show his slow resurrection when he admits his love for Lucie the last dream of [his] soul. (book 2 Chapter 130 †¢Detail 3:Carton redeems himself by sacrifices his life for the women he loves and her happiness showing that he has been resurrected I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die, (3. 9. 89). †¢BODY PARAGRAPH II: †¢Transition/Opening Sentence:_________________________________. †¢Detail 1:When Dr. Manette is first released from prison he is like an infant that doesnt know the world. Prisoner 105, North Tower, †¢Detail 2:Starts to realize who he is when he meets his daughter Lucie at the Defarge winery †¢ She was the golden thread that united him to a Past beyond his misery, and to a Present beyond his misery: and the sound of her voice, the light of her face, the touch of her hand, had a strong beneficial influence with him almost always. (2. 4. 3) †¢Detail 3:He is finally shown in his full resurrectional the towards the end of the novel when he find out his bench has been taken away Transition/Opening Sentence:_________________________________. †¢Detail 1:Marrying Lucie had hide his past from many people in France and England I know that when she is clinging to you, the hands of baby, girl, and woman, all in one, are round your neck. I know that in loving you she sees and loves her mother at her own age, sees and loves you at my age, loves her mother broken-hearted, loves youthrough your dreadful trial and in your blessed restoration. (2. 10. 9) †¢Detail 2:His past was now coming back for him like a zombie coming out a grave. I care nothing for this Doctor, I. He may wear his head or lose it, for any interest I have in him; it is all one to me. But, the Evremonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father. (3. 14. 6) †¢Detail 3:He now knows that his old life will never come back to him and he must live his new life with the help of Carton.

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek tragic piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downfall. In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were made by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says: "I call to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should not be afraid to speak out plainly," (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26), it shows his strong sense of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. "The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb" (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He thinks that if Antigone wasn't so headstrong and arrogant then she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as stubborn as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so much conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exa ctly alike. "It is hard to deny the heart! But I will do it: I will not fight with destiny" (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon detecting his fault and how he needs to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the blind prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antigone. "Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust" (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, many people say that actions speak louder than words.

An Inspector Calls Essay

â€Å"How does the way Priestley creates dramatic tension in the play encourage the audience to sympathise with his views?† Priestley wrote â€Å"An Inspector Calls† straight after the Second World War. He sets the play in the period just before the First World War in 1912, both were periods of a lot of social change. Priestley sets out to entertain his audience with a dramatic play full of suspense. Priestley’s views in the play seem to be all about morals. That it is important to look after each other, and that all people should be treated equally and be able to dream of a better life. Priestley ensures that he gets across his strong socialist ideas. He offers the audience a rather foolish, self obsessed upper class family. By way of contrast he offers us inspector Goole as a very clever, classless hero of the play. During the play he develops most characters as immoral and with limited intellect. Priestly adds dramatic tension to the play by the theatre lighting. In the beginning the room starts of in soft lighting, but when the inspector arrives the lighting becomes brighter and harsher, almost like a spotlight shining, so everyone focuses only on him. He also highlights the contrast in the wealthy clothes of the Billings and the Crofts, also the lavish furnishings of the home compared with the inspector who looks relatively plain. Arthur Birling, who is the main character accused by the inspector, doesn’t care about anyone unless they make him richer or improves his social standing. He is a stupid man and says things in his speech which turned out to be untrue. â€Å"The Unsinkable Titanic† and that there would â€Å"never be a war with Germany†. He sacked Eva Smith because of his greed and the lack of understanding, he only want cheap labour (so more money for himself). He couldn’t understand that Eva Smith needed more to live on. He thinks that Gerald’s family is socially superior, so he wants to impress them by saying he is getting a knighthood. Priestley does not make his main character very attractive and give him all the characteristics that are not desirable or likeable, so getting the audience to sympathise with his socialist views. One of the moments of dramatic tensions occurs when Gerald confesses to Sheila about his affair with Eva, and that they must keep it from the Inspector because he has no part in her suicide â€Å"I’m sorry, Shelia. But it was all over and done with, last summer. I hadn’t set eyes on the girl for at least six months. I don’t come into this suicide business†. Sheila doesn’t agree just as the Inspector opens the door he says, â€Å"Well?† Priestley is showing the audience at this point, nobody in the family can see any connections with their actions and the fate of this young girl. The end of act three is also dramatic as it is the moment when Eric turns on his own parents and sister. He tells his mother she killed Eva. Along with his baby, â€Å"her grandchild† and tells her â€Å"she doesn’t understand anything†. Mrs Birling (very distressed now) counters by saying â€Å"I didn’t know/ I didn’t understand†. Eric responds to this by almost threatening her â€Å"You don’t understand anything. You never did. You never even tried†. Another point of tension was when Gerald said that the inspector wasn’t a police officer. Mr Birling was very angry and repeated â€Å"He wasn’t an Inspector†, but excitedly â€Å"By jingo! A fake!†. Mrs Birling acts as though she knew he was a fake all along, â€Å"I felt it all the time. He never talked like one. He never talked like one. He never even looked like one†. She acts as though she knows it all. This confused the audience and made them think and made them want to know more. The most dramatic scene is at the end, when after convincing the audience that it was a hoax when Shelia first suspects him â€Å"was he really a police inspector?† and Gerald’s confirmation was after he came back from his breath of fresh air that there is no inspector Goole then the whole thing become shocking. Priestly makes his play dramatic by including a death with a huge twist at the end. The ending changes the play from a crime investigation into maybe something supernatural. Normally at the end of a play everything is sorted out, but not in this one. Priestly doesn’t give an explanation about who inspector Goole was. This increases the mystery surrounding him, which lifts the amount of tension in the play. Priestley’s play was very topical and relevant in his day when socialism was sweeping the world and people were living in restless times. He wasn’t particularly subtle about how he got his message across; he didn’t offer a balanced view. His main point’s concerning selfishness and greed are still as important today. Priestly survived the World War One trenches and this probably helped him form many of his views of the world. He taught us that you can have a huge effect by people’s lives on what you say and do, and that people can change e.g. Shelia and Eric changed from understanding what the inspector said so they change their views and feelings. We are all responsible for each other.

Describe the Different Forms of Disguise and Deception That Feature in Twelfth Night Essay

Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’ is a comedy centred on a main theme of disguise and deception. The elements of both bring confusion to the characters creating comical situations throughout the play, also adding a lot of dramatic irony to entertain the audiences through the ages. There are many different types of disguise and deception in the play, most are used for the comical effect, but one deception in particular gives the play a darker edge because of the malicious intent to hurt the character. Viola’s disguise as the young man ‘Cesario’ is the stimulus that triggers the love triangle which is the foundation of the whole play. Antonio assists Viola to disguise herself as a man, ‘conceal me what I am, and be my aid’, to enable her to work as a messenger for Orsino. She also tells Antonio to ‘shape thou silence to my wit’ so that no one in Illyria will know that she is actually a girl. Orsino sends her to ‘Unfold the passion of my love’ to Olivia. However Viola has fallen in love with Orsino: ‘Whoe’er I woo, myself would be his wife’. The disguise then causes even more confusion when the love triangle is completed and Olivia, believing Viola is a man, falls in love with Viola/Cesario: ‘methinks I feel this youth’s perfections’. All of this confusion with the disguise and the love triangle enthrals the audience because of the depth of dramatic irony created. Shakespeare has let only the audience know that Cesario is Viola, and he tells them about Olivia’s love for Cesario, before Viola herself knows. All of the confusion from the disguise would have been even funnier when acted out on stage, because all the actors in Elizabethan times were men. Therefore the boy playing Viola would have been dressed up as a girl, and then disguised as a man, and then the man dressed as Olivia would be in love with what the character thinks is a man, which is actually a girl who is played by a boy. Shakespeare used the disguise to create humour for the audience in this way. In Act 3, after Viola has found out that Olivia is in love with her, Viola tries to hint at Olivia by saying ‘I am not what I am’. Viola is telling the truth, but it is a very vague phrase so it does not give away her identity to Olivia. This simple sentence could show that Viola is not using the disguise for malicious reasons and she does not like deceiving people, so by saying this line she is perhaps trying to alleviate some guilt from the deception that unintentionally made Olivia fall in love with her. Viola’s quote is a direct opposite of a quote in the bible, ‘I am what I am’, back then, nearly everyone would have been familiar with the saying, as most attended church and sermons quote the bible, so her quote shows that what Viola is doing is breaking an important moral code and her deception would have been seen as more of a wrong doing back then than it is today, causing Viola to feel the guilt and shame that she does. Malvolio’s deception is a subplot of the play which creates a lot of the comedy, but also has overtones of malice that brings darkness to the play. Malvolio is a servant to Olivia, who gets on the nerves of Maria and other servants because of his pompous behaviour. They decide to plot against him because of his arrogance and frequent nasty comments to them: ‘have you no wit, manners, nor honesty but to gabble like tinkers at this time of night? ’ Maria forges a love letter from Olivia in her handwriting, ‘I can write very like my lady’, and it tells Malvolio that to show his love for Olivia he has to smile, talk like he is of higher class and wear yellow cross-gartered stockings, this ridiculous outfit and behaviour would have entertained the audience very much. So to the audience, this deception starts as a humorous bit of fun for the characters to poke fun at Malvolio, but as the play goes on it turns into purposeful malicious intent to degrade and humiliate him. Maria starts as the originator of the prank, but when Feste becomes involved the pranks become cruel and callous. He takes it a lot further by locking Malvolio up and taunting him: ‘it hath bay windows transparent as barricadoes’ and he carries on even when Sir Toby wants the prank to end ‘I wish we were well rid of this knavery’. Shakespeare leaves Malvolio in a very poor state at the end of the play. Malvolio ends up being damaged emotionally by the pranks and the audience ends up feeling sorry for him, despite him being a very unsympathetic character. The reason Feste enjoys the deception of Malvolio so much could be because he is actually a very intelligent character, but has turned bitter after people are unintentionally deceived into thinking he must be stupid or have no feelings because he is just another clown: ‘I saw him put down the other day with an ordinary fool that has no more brain than a stone’. The previous quote is the kind of thing that could anger Feste because people do not notice his intelligence; it was also said by Malvolio which could be why the full force of Feste’s bitterness was aimed directly at him. Shakespeare made Feste pick up on dramatic ironies: ‘nor your name is not master Cesario’ to show Feste’s intelligence to the audience, but the characters never noticed Feste’s intelligence because of the unintentional deception he caused by being a clown, so this is why his jokes are perceptive but bitter. Within the play a lot of plot devices regarding the disguises are helped by the characters self-deception. The deception of Malvolio wouldn’t have worked if he had not deceived himself into thinking that Olivia liked him. Malvolio was a haughty character who had very high opinions of what Olivia thought of him: ‘should she fancy, it should be one of my complexion’. He would not have fallen for the prank if he had not deceived himself in this way, therefore in a way he deceived himself into the prank because he was conceited enough to think that Olivia liked him, thus abetting his own ruin. Orsino’s love for Olivia could be seen as self-deception. Orsino believes that he is in love with Olivia, and is feeling all the sorrows and joy of love: ‘that it alone is high fantastical’, but he seems to have deceived himself that he is in love with Olivia, when actually it perhaps is more of an infatuation and he is now in love with the idea of love. Orsino is a wealthy Duke who would be very used to getting what he wanted whenever he asked for it, so seeing Olivia and wanting her ‘Methought she purged the air of pestilence’, and then not being able to have her could have given him the feeling of longing that he has never really had before. He could have then misinterpreted the new feeling as love and now his whole mind is preoccupied with the longing that he thinks is love. Olivia’s mourning for her brother could also be perceived as self-deception. Olivia declared that she would mourn her brother’s death for a long time, believing that she would never really be able to overcome her grief. However when she falls in love with Cesario she perhaps realises she can still be happy. She didn’t know she could be happy when she declared her years ourning and she had been deceiving herself that she was completely grief-stricken about his death, when actually she may have just been feeling lonely. This could also be why Olivia fell for Viola’s disguise quite easily, she was vulnerable and sad and may have just like the idea of a man, so not paid that close attention to who Cesario actually was. In the denouement of the play, Viola’s twin Sebastian arrives in Illyria thinking that Viola is dead: ‘She is drowned already, sir, with salt water’. Sebastian looks a lot like Viola, so because Viola is dressed as a man a lot of people mistake Sebastian for Cesario and it causes many confusing situations. The main confusion that happens is that Olivia mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, and Sebastian deceives her by not telling her who he actually is and goes along with the whole charade. Olivia thinks that Cesario has finally succumbed to her and they agree to get married: ‘plight me the full assurance of your faith’. Olivia not noticing that it was actually Sebastian shows that she may have not actually been in love with Cesario but because she was vulnerable at the time she clung to the idea of having somebody without actually really knowing the person. Sebastian’s deception was merely dishonest. He took advantage of the situation, but he never really knew what was going on because he was in a strange land and it all happened very quickly so Olivia forgave him. All the disguise and deception is very cleverly plotted through the play to structure the whole story line. The disguises are finally revealed at the end, solving all the confusion and allowing the various couples to join and give the play finality. The disguise and deception gives the play the confusion and dramatic irony to make the play a comedy. The theme entwines in every plotline and all the way through the play ‘nothing that is so is so’.

Understanding Job Analysis Essay Example

Understanding Job Analysis Essay Example Understanding Job Analysis Essay Understanding Job Analysis Essay Web Exercise: Understanding Job Analysis Week 3 Human Resources Management Professor Lawrence R. A. Prosper March 23, 2013 1. How easy was it to find the specific occupation you were looking for, and how comprehensive was the information provided about that occupation? I was immediately impressed by the O*NET Resource Center after opening the site. The design was smart and the site was easy to navigate despite the many choices available to explore. This is a great example of what a Government agency working with the business community and the actual workers from each occupation can accomplish. A wealth of useful information is presented to the public at no cost in an easy to use format. I was quickly able to locate information that was specific to my chosen occupation. My current job title is Special Projects Manager which is a hybrid description. My primary duties are to initiate the acquisition of production machinery and when needed, additional building space to install the equipment; that is the Project Manager role. I also ideate and participate in projects related to safety, facilities management and production flows which justifies the Special Projects designation. I selected Project Manager in my search and was directed to the page for Architectural Engineering Managers which gave a brief description of similar titles (Project Engineer, Project Engineering Manager), what these managers do, and what they would be expected to do on the job. The last item listed some on the job duties as to direct, review, or approve project design changes and to confer with management, production, or marketing staff to discuss project specifications or procedures: basically , my assigned duties. Following the link to Advanced Manufacturing, I was able to see examples of descriptive information about specific jobs. This page had a graphic of a sample career Ladder/Lattice for Advanced Manufacturing which was very similar to my actual career path. The job titles were a bit different but did show a familiar progression from helper, to operator, to production supervisor, to engineering/production manager. This was my path to my current position but I made it here without a college degree, a feat that would be impossible in this company today. I maneuvered to the Engineering Manager page and found more job specific information. A good amount of detail was devoted to the Job Description and some mention of the required education, workforce preparation, work experience, licensure/certifications, salary and the employment outlook for the next 10 years. The information for this occupation was easy to read and comprehensive. As someone who is presently in this field I can say the duties and expectations presented are realistic. For a person considering pursuing a career in this area a path can be established to achieve that goal by using this resource as a guide. What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you are in or preparing for among those listed? This exercise has confirmed that I have ended up in an occupation that suits my skill sets, abilities and personality. The non-scientific results earned on the Interest Profiler test were also quite representative of me as a person and the specific area scores did indicate an affinity for my chosen field. My chosen occupation is Project Manager and this was among the professions listed. I continue to prepare for this occupation by attending college to complete my degree despite having worked at my company for 29 years. A Project Manager works alone while being involved with coordinating the work of many unconnected groups simultaneously. It can be a demanding profession and may not provide satisfaction to certain personalities. The skills detailed on the O*Net are well defined and can be interpreted as needing one to be technically knowledgeable, have good people skills, and to be adaptable to changes in the scope of a project. Math skills are important in the product design and for producing the cost analyses and project justifications. I recently completed algebra and statistics which the job description notes as necessary. Character skills are described as needing attention to detail, integrity, adaptability, analytical thinking, dependability and stress tolerance. I match up well in those areas and at times tend to overdo the attention to detail. Problem solving skills are used to notice a problem and figure out the best way to solve it. This is a difficult skill to master and sometimes the logical solution is not the best choice as a solution. Finally, there are project management software tools available and learning to use them benefits the project and the teams involved in the work progression. You can also contact them to tell them your computer has died and you want to use the program on your new computer. They are the ones to reset the activation counts. Just explain what has happened. NP124865399 2. As an HR professional, how could O*NET be useful in conducting a job analysis? Explain specifically how you would use the data from this site to assist your organization. 3. As a director of human resources, would you have your staff use this site? Why or why not?

How to fix run-on sentences - Emphasis

How to fix run-on sentences How to fix run-on sentences ‘Run-on sentences’ may sound like a newspaper headline announcing that sentences are flying off the shelves. In fact, they are a product of the grammatically incorrect practice of running complete ideas into each other. Observe: I rock she rolls. As you can see, a run-on sentence isn’t necessarily long. When we say ‘complete ideas’ (of which this example has two), what we mean is independent clauses. Independent clauses An independent clause (as well as being a term for when Santa’s kids fly the nest) is a part of a sentence that contains a verb and a subject and makes sense by itself – otherwise known as a simple sentence. In the example above, there are two subjects (or ‘doers’): I and she. And each subject has its own verb: rock and rolls respectively. Here’s another: I like to throw my shapes in the middle of the dance floor Caroline busts her moves in the corner. Rein in the run-on So how do you fix these sentences? It may be tempting to just throw a comma in the middle (I rock, she rolls), but this is still not correct – it’s known as a comma splice. The comma can do many things, but don’t ask it to support the weight of two (or more) independent clauses by itself. There are other options available, though. Which one you pick depends on the gist of your sentence. Put a stop in it A simple solution is the good ol’ full stop: I like to throw my shapes in the middle of the dance floor. Caroline busts her moves in the corner. Perfectly grammatical, and often the best option. But if you want to show how the two clauses are related, or you find a full stop too abrupt, you may prefer one of the other methods. Connect with the semicolon A great way to suggest a connection between the clauses is by using a semicolon. Many people have a deep-seated suspicion of the semicolon, but its very useful here. Unlike the divisive full stop, the semicolon allows the parts to stay snuggled together in one sentence. In this way, they can stand in for conjunctions. I like to throw my shapes in the middle of the dance floor; Caroline busts her moves in the corner. The tell-tale conjunction If you want to make the relationship between the clauses explicit (and keep your sentence grammatically correct), add a coordinating conjunction (joining word) such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so to the comma splice. The conjunction you choose can give quite different meanings to the final sentence. Look at the difference between I like to throw my shapes in the middle of the dance floor, but Caroline busts her moves in the corner. and I like to throw my shapes in the middle of the dance floor, so Caroline busts her moves in the corner. In the first version, it would merely appear that Caroline and I have contrasting preferences on where we get our groove on. But in the second it seems that my shape-throwing drives Caroline to the corner (probably out of embarrassment). Whoa there Don’t let the meaning of your sentences – or your grammar-usage credibility – run away. Use these techniques to keep a tight grip on the reins of your writing, so you always guide your reader in the right direction.

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Identity Theft - Essay Example This is the first step in maintaining a secured computer system. Having an open connection to the Internet simply invites trouble. What Dr. Palmer suggest, and most companies to date follow is making sure computers on both sides have a secure tunnel or VPN (Virtual Private Network) connection that can only be initiated from a specific computer with specific programs to negotiate the connection. Without these programs in place, it is much more difficult to breach the system.Other types of breaches can occur as well. There are also instances of backup tapes being misplaced, stolen or even sold by employees. Laptops being left in cabs with confidential information on them, even though company policy forbids it and many other areas of concern. Non-profit consumer rights and advocacy organization have begun to track these breaches. The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse has data since 2005 tracking various types of security breaches. A very brief sampling compilation can be found in Appendix I of the hundreds of breaches affecting up to possible 234 million data records during that time period.One such data breach was discovered in Louisiana by a student googling the internet. The Company tried to keep it under wraps but the story was picked up by a local Television station there, WDSU. Aaron Titus, a law school student and privacy advocate, said he found the open door to the Board of Regents internal network using Google. Not only did he find the database of student names.

Evans vs H. M. Attorney General Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evans vs H. M. Attorney General - Essay Example The publication of other information might influence the conduct of talks. If tactical any information is released, then it may put troops in danger. An instance is what transpired when Wikileaks published emails and internal memos that seemed to criticise allies of the United States. However, it also taught government officers on how they should be interacting properly, as well as effectively. In general, this act agitates for accountability of elected and appointed government officers to the general public that they serve.The United Kingdom Court of Appeal listened to the case of Evans and H. M. Attorney General whereby it acknowledged that the two parties might each have diverse but rational views of a reply to an issue such as the balance of public interests. However, if one of those parties is an independent, neutral tribunal or a court that had carried out a full examination of the claims, for the defendant (AG) to have â€Å"rational grounds† to assume a different perce ption, he should be in a position to demonstrate that the tribunal had evidently erred in fact or law, or that there had been a significant shift of circumstances. However, none of this applied in this case. The declaration of reasons was therefore illegitimate. Therefore, the Court of Appeal used a likeness from cases assuming this approach in the immigration and planning context. This case goes a long way to show that access to information is limited when the court shows that it will hurt the public interest.

Characterization of clytemnestra. I will need the works cited Essay

Characterization of clytemnestra. I will need the works cited - Essay Example As a talented playwright, Aeschylus skillfully reversed her roles to those of male characters in ancient Greece. Apart from been depicted as an authoritative and dominating woman, she is also depicted as vengeful wife and a troubled wronged mother. Due to hear strength, she skillfully and willfully gains her success of revenging against her husband. Aeschylus used her as symbol of versatility and courage within the male dominated Greek society, since it was very hard for a woman of time to exhibit such influence and authority. A character like Clytemnestra’s requires clever and calculated handling especially when one reflects on the play’s setting of Greek society in mind hence Aeschylus must have developed her with a lot of skill. She is introduced to the reader, following her husband’s murder of Iphigeni, her daughter. Agamemnon, her husband had sacrificed Iphigeni to goddess Artemis so as to have favorable winds in the journey to troy. The sacrifice greatly angered her and she made a decision to revenge upon her husband’s return. Later on, she succeeds in her revenge by killing her husband and his concubine, Cassandra. The elder see her as untrustworthy but had not suspected she would go ahead to murder her husband. She talks using plain words that have very deep hidden meaning to the individuals around her (Winnington 133). Her courage is depicted when she alludes to undertake the murder plan without fearing being detected. In fact, her character is so strong that, only the audience can easily read her motives. Clytemnestra is portrayed as a cunning woman. She managed to coax Agamemnon into submission. Her hopes in requesting him to walk over the rich purple tapestries is get support of the angered gods in her murder plan. She manages to convince him to accept her offer by cunningly challenging him to prove his manhood. In this case, she actually calls him

What Extent Is English A Global Language?

What Extent Is English A Global Language? There are numerous different languages are being used throughout the world. Since there are too many different languages, a global language is produced. A language can achieve this status only when it is important to the world activities such as communication between countries, trading between different countries across the world and culture. It plays an important role and it is recognized by every country (Crystal, 2003). Crystal (2003) reports that English has already reached this stage and there are nearly a quarter of the worlds population around 1.2 to 1.5 billion people is already know and use English. Nowadays, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. English has become a global language not because of it is both easy to learn and is superior to other language but it has strong power base. The thesis of this essay is divided into a few parts, first look at what is a global language and what makes a language global then why English become a global language. Global language means a language which is using around the world and it is important to the world operation and influencing the domains of the human activity in the world. For example, global language is usually uses to write songs, use to trading throughout the world and communication between countries in the world. Global language is important to the world operation and a global language is needed in the world. A language has two mains ways to become global. It can be an official language and foreign language of countries. Official language means a language which wildly used as medium of communication, such as media, the domains as government and the education system (Crystal, 2003). It also can be the first language of few countries. Crystal (2003) claims that a language can have a global status when it is used by other countries around the world. Since a language cannot become global only use by itself. Foreign language means a language teaching in school which has no official status. A mother-tongue language becomes the foreign language and the official language is the step to make the language become global since a language cannot have a global status when it is not taken by the other countries. And English has finished the step to become an international language. English has become an international language not because it is easy to learn. There is no language is easy to learn and better, the difficulty of a language is depend on different learner and Lutz (2010) points that it depends on which level of the learner want to achieve, the higher level, the more difficult. Ellis (1985) says that age, aptitude, cognitive style, motivation and personalities are the five main aspects which separate individual learner differences in a different level. This means the difficulty of language are depends on learner. Ellis (1985) reports that aptitude is a main factor to divides the language learner to different level. If a learner has a good aptitude and a effective way to study a second language, the language will become easier. Learner motivation also is a important factor that make a learner learn a second language success. A learner can likely learn a second language to be success when the motivation is high. Crystal (2003) reports that the intrinsic structural properties, the size of its vocabulary or it has been a vehicle of a great literature in the past or it was once associated with a great culture or religion are the motivation of some learner to learn a language but not the reasons make the language become global. English has become an international language also not because it is superior to other language. Crystal (2003) says that there are many people claim that a language can become global because its sense beauty, clear expression or religious standing and these are the misleading beliefs. Language can become a global language not because the beauty of the language and the number of people who speak it but who speak the language. There are some properties of English makes it become global appealing but the characteristics of the language are not the main reason to be worth to learn but the relative importance between the language characteristics and the internationally value. This make a language be more appealing but not superior to the other languages. English may be more appealing than other languages but not superior to languages. Crystal (2003) says that language can become a global language not because the beauty of the language and the number of people who speak it but who speak the language. English can become a world language mainly because of the strong military power and economic power. Crystal (2003) shows that a language cannot become global without strong power-bases, such as political power, military power and economic power. These are the dominance of the language which makes a language become global. The military power is the main reason to make a language become a global language. When a country has a strong military power, the others need to listen to the language spoken by the people in that country. Which means it makes that language is used in many countries. Between the world war two, Britain set up a lot of colonies. English became the official language and foreign language of the colonies. This is very important to be the official language and foreign language of the colonies because it is a important step to make a language become global. English must be taken by others countries to become global because a language cannot become global when it is only use by the countries which English is the mother-tongue. So English become the official language and foreign language of the colonies becomes the base of English to become a global language. an economic power is still needed to maintain and expand the status of the language. Economically power became a main aspect which maintain and expand the status in the start of twentieth century. The economic start to growth and develop around the world and there are many new markets were born. There were many new technology are invent. Communication between countries is needed to develop the economic and market. Country has a stronger economically power, the first language of that country will become more important and it can maintain it longer and expand it to larger through the economy. Crystal (2003) claims that Britain had be come the worlds headmost industrial and trading country at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The growth of economy of the English is the fastest in the world. These built the foundation of English in the world through the colonies and the economy. These are the two mains reasons to give English a global status. In conclusion, English has become an international language is not because it is both easy to learn and is superior to other language because there is no language is superior to other language and the difficultly of a language is depend on the individual learner differences. The reasons why English can become a global language because the military and the economic power of the countries which speak English And English was in the right place at the right time. (Crystal, 2003:7-10) English set up the base to the world through out the world by Britain colonies. English is also maintained and expended by the economically power and military power of Britain and USA. That the reason why English can become the global language and why English can still be the global language until now. (1262 words)

The Popularity of Colin Powell Essay -- Colin Powell Governmental Poli

The Popularity of Colin Powell Everywhere he goes, Colin Powell is besieged. Bicycle messengers in spandex tights stop him on the streets of Washington and urge him to run for President. Waiters at restaurants advise the retired general to aim for the White House. CEOs quietly pledge money should Powell decide to run. Political operatives of both parties would like to ignore Powell--but can't. "I don't think about it a lot," claims a senior White House official, before admitting, "If Powell does run, he will be a significant player." Another in the White House is more fatalistic: "If he runs, we're dead." Says William Lacy, Bob Dole's top strategist: "If he jumped in the race today, he would be the principal competitor for us." Everywhere he goes, Colin Powell is applauded. In the hall in San Diego where the Republican Party will nominate its presidential candidate about a year from now, the crowd is instantly on its feet as his presence is announced and he bounds down to the podium. He speaks for 50 minutes, without notes, taking the crowd through the cold war, through Korea, Vietnam, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Operation Desert Storm and the occupation of Haiti. Powell, 58, tells moving tales of his upbringing in Harlem and the South Bronx, of sitting in the Hall of St. Catherine in the Kremlin, where he heard Gorbachev declare that the cold war was over. And when Powell has delivered his set speech, the inevitable question rises from the floor: "When are you going to announce that you're running for President?" The rapt audience carefully weighs the well-rehearsed answer, word by word. "Thank you very, very much. And I'm very, very flattered. I'm honored and humbled. It's a question I receive regularly, and I don't know what I'm going to do with my life after my book is finished. The book is out this fall, and then I'll have to make some choices. "I tell people that I'm not a professional politician. I was truly a soldier." Another wave of applause washes over him. "Even after working two years in the West Wing, there isn't a single one of my White House friends from those days who could tell you today whether they think I'm a Republican or a Democrat. That was part of the code I lived with. Now I'm no longer protected by my uniform. As I go around the country, I'm trying to develop a political philosophy, just to be a good citizen, not n... ...black votes taking away the most reliable core of the party's electoral support and vacuuming up votes Clinton needs if he is to win in 1996. And how could a nonparty President actually govern? It is likely both parties in Congress would be plenty angry with President Powell for having broken up their games. Would there be a proliferation of parties, turning American democracy into a version of Italy's fractured, shifting coalition style? Friends counter that Powell could form a bipartisan government of national reconciliation. But he has known many Third World coup leaders who say they have taken power to achieve national reconciliation. Powell, by his own admission, has always been a supremely cautious calculator of risks and rewards. He succeeded as a political general by knowing where the boundaries were, knowing what was possible and what was not. There is nothing in the life of Colin Powell to suggest he would be the man to toss a grenade into the entrenched positions of American politics. On the other hand, Powell has bounded up the career ladder two and three steps at a time. He is a very determined man. Meanwhile, he is thinking, calculating, weighing his choices.

Powerful institutions such as the mass media, the police and judiciary label social groups as deviants and/or criminals

Labelling is present in many areas of sociology, and crime and deviance is no exception. It involves a ‘label' or categorisation being applied to someone or to the social group of which they belong, either rightfully or wrongfully, which can have detrimental or positive effects. Various institutions label social groups, some believe it is done predominantly by the police, mass media and judiciary system. By exploring aspects like moral panics, arrests, and laws passed by the judiciary, we will establish to what extent these institutions do label these social groups as deviants and/or criminals. Labelling theory is a theoretical approach derived from symbolic interactionism, which looks at the consequences of having a particular social typing or label placed on an act, group or person. What the labelling theory alerts us to is the way in which the whole area of crime is dependent upon social constructions of reality – law creation, law enforcement and the identities of law breakers are all questionable. The media composes a key element of creating these social constructions. When considering reports of crime on television for example, they are thought to help create or inform people's perceptions of crime, and of which social groups are deviants and/or criminals. There is also a problem when defining ‘criminal' and ‘deviant' because it depends on the individuals own perceptions, there is no universal definition. The relationship between the media and crime when concerning labelling theory is emphasized by a concept known as a moral panic. The idea of a moral panic can be defined as outrage stirred up by the media in reaction to a particular social group or issue. Sociologist Stan Cohen in his study of the ‘mods and rockers' first adopted the term. Since the media had a lack of new stories around that time, they caused these two groups to be classified as ‘folk devils', meaning that they were the subjects of the moral panic and seen as troublemakers. Due to the extensive media coverage, young people were classified or ‘labelled' as either ‘mods' or ‘rockers', and some internalised the label and were actually violent. Consequently, this helped to create the violent stereotype that the ‘mods' and ‘rockers' were supposedly famous for. This confirmed the media's image that they were troublemakers to the public. Becker examined the possible effects upon the individual of being publicly labelled as deviant. It is a ‘master status'. The youths were stigmatised and given this label by the media as deviant troublemakers, so eventually come to see themselves as being deviant – their master status. All other qualities become unimportant, and they person is responded to solely in terms of their master status. If someone is labelled as criminal for example, this largely overrides their status as parent, neighbour, friend etc. nd others only respond in terms of the label. The police may also target the youths on once this moral panic occurs, so the may change their behaviour to avert punishment or stigma. Discussion of the area concerning the police's role of applying these deviant labels to social groups is also an interesting one. Since there are significantly higher rates of imprisonment of blacks than their proportion in the population, the issue is important when considering race. The Metropolitan police, for example, reported that 37% of those stopped were from ‘ethnic minorities', where as they form 20% of London's population. There are higher rates of stop and search among black and Asian youth than among white youth. Arrest rates of alleged offenders were also significantly higher for those of Afro-Caribbean origins than whites. A study by Walker suggests that, although there may well be police bias in stops and arrests, statistically the difference in arrest rates is so high that the only way this could explain the discrepancy in the figures would be ‘to arrest black people more or less at random and charge them falsely'. Blom-Cooper and Drabble argued that black defendants are likely to be charged with more serious crimes than white defendants when the actual offences committed are similar. For example, black defendants are more likely than other groups to be remanded in custody. Stephen Lawrence is an example, of a black person being treated unjustly by the criminal justice system. Four white people were accused of his murder, but were not found guilty. There was a lot of controversy surrounding the case, as the Metropolitan police were accused of tampering with the evidence so it was inadmissible in court. The question is, had it of been four black people murdering a white person would the case have had the same outcome? In reviewing this evidence, it seems that the treatment of black people in the criminal justice system is very unsatisfactory. It seems the police are labelling the blacks as deviant, concentrating policing in the inner city areas where the majority are. The judiciary system already has preconceived ideas about blacks, and this affects the amount that are arrested, prosecuted and put on trial in the courts. Some would say that black youths have even developed their own subcultures, as a form of resistance to capitalism and negative labelling. From a Marxist perspective, youth are the social group that are under the least control by the bourgeoisie. They do not pay taxes or have mortgages, like the working-class do. Since the youth then find it hard to legitimately achieve the high societal goals, they develop ‘magical solutions' via youth subculture. In the same way, blacks have found themselves marginalized from white society, and in response have developed their own subculture resisting capitalism and often turning to crime. They are essentially ‘driven underground' by the labels the media and police apply. Another social group that the media and police can be seen to ‘drive underground' is the subculture of drug-takers. This is a good example of how the police label this social group as deviant and a problem to society. In a study by Parker, he found that the drug-takers regarded their activity as being wholly innocent and consisting of just ‘having fun'. Another interesting aspect is that the drug-takers come from backgrounds that just do not fit the media's stereotype of a deviant criminal. Parker discovered in his study that drug-takers are mostly middle-class, in full time work or further or higher education. Furthermore, there is little if any violence and most clubbers were reported to feel ‘completely safe'. It is thought that the media and police's labelling of this social groups is a little extreme, and is resulting in the culture being driven further underground. Another instance of this media labelling surrounds the case of the death of Leah Betts, when she died after taking an ecstasy tablet on her 18th birthday. The media claimed she was ‘poisoned' by the drug, called for tougher legislation and their was a lot of outrage stirred up by extensive media coverage. After various tests, it was then revealed that the pill she had taken was virtually pure and she had kidney failure from drinking too much water. It seems that sadly, the only person responsible for her death was herself, and the pill was perhaps just there at the wrong time. It was also revealed it was not the first ecstasy pill she had taken. After the moral panic and the way the media amplified the situation, it turns out there is little supporting evidence for their claims. Perhaps this subculture is not as deviant as the media make out, even classifying drug-taking as a subculture is questionable since millions of ecstasy pills are sold each year and their use if widespread. A confidential survey of pupils' behaviour in a representative sample of 20 fee-paying schools showed 43 per cent of pupils in the lower sixth form (aged 16-17) reported experimenting with drugs and one in eight said they were regular users. Illegal drug taking is no longer limited to a disaffected and rebellious few. It is part of the culture of teenagers. They do not believe it is as dangerous as we say it is. Even where they recognise the dangers, they are not deterred believing that most enjoyable activities involve some risks,† the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference (HMC) said. A 19-year-old who left a private sixth form college last summer, and was previously at a fee-paying boarding school in London, talks about drugs and school. He says â€Å"From the age of 14 upwards, about 50 per cent of us were smoking marijuana at lunchtime. And I can't think of anyone from my sixth form who hasn't tried drugs. † There have been many other moral panics as well as drug takers that have le to the stigmatization of various groups by the media and police. One such case that stigmatized young people was the murder of James Bulger. Two 11-year-old boys in Liverpool from a shopping mall abducted James Bulger. He had massive injuries inflicted upon him, which resulted in his death and he was left on a railway line. The deviant act committed by the children dominated newspaper headlines and stirred up public outrage. The murder was portrayed by the media as a horrific act, which symbolized the degeneration of modern British society, despite the fact that statistically such murders were extremely rare and the UK, though not unique. When Mary Bell aged 11 years old murdered two toddlers in 1968 there was no such moral panic, and seemed to be largely ignored by the press. The media used the Bulger case to symbolise all that was wrong with Britain, they focused on the difference between innocence and evil and why we as a society had allowed it happen, it suggested the increase of public indifference, lowering family values and increasing isolation. It generated massive public guilt, and since predicted a breakdown of societal values and cohesion. There was a significant focus on child crime, as people searched for answers to this tragedy. The group's stigmatization was further fuelled by polices claims that juvenile crime was on the increase and young people were out of control, breaking the law due to insufficient penalties for their delinquency. This prompted demands for tighter controls, curfews for young people and stricter laws. However, other statistics showed that juvenile crime had indeed dropped, these were dismissed by the authorities because claiming the figures a misrepresentation and only appeared so due to a reduction in numbers in the juvenile population. There were also calls for stricter controls on violent films as it was reported by the media that the boys may have been influenced by the film Child's Play III though there is little evidence in place to support this argument. Overall, it seems the police; mass media and judiciary do label social groups as deviant and/or criminals. From the above examples, we can see cases where this happens with a resulting effect of alienating or categorizing a social group in a negative light. When the powerful institutions do seem to label, it does however largely depend on one's definition of criminal or deviant, but the powerful institutions can be seen to play a part in creating this definition.

Productive and Counterproductive Behavior Paper

Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper * * University of Phoenix * Instructor Julie Wilson * November 14, 2010 * * * * * * * * * * * * Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper * Organizations strive to achieve one main goal and that is to be productive. No business wants to go under or stay in the same position year after year not growing. One does not have to really know the definition of productive and counterproductive because the word its self say plenty. To me, productive behavior says achieve goals and completing tasks. Counterproductive says just the opposite.This paper will analyze the relationship between productive and counterproductive behavior in organizations. The paper will define productive and counterproductive behavior; describe the impact that productive and counterproductive behaviors have on the job performance and the overall performance of an organization. I will also recommend strategies to increase productive behavior and decrease counterprod uctive behavior in organizations. * Productive behavior is defined as employee behavior that contributes positively to the goals and objectives of the organization (Jex & Britt, 2008).Productive behavior is the type of behavior just about every organization wants to have in their employees. Productive behavior types are those who want to achieve tasks and work great with the other employees to achieve those tasks. Counterproductive behavior can be defined as a type of behavior that goes against the organization in achieving goals. Example of counterproductive behavior is late for work, procrastination on assignments, and not returning on time for breaks so that some one else can take theirs. Productive behavior and counterproductive behavior relate to each other because they involve people. Productive behavior is most likely to have a positive impact on an organization. Productive behavior type employees tend to complete more tasks in shorter time or meet the deadline proposed b y management. Productive behavior affects the organization in accomplishing goals. The organization performance for productive employees will show in maybe revenue. In an organization, counterproductive behavior has a negative impact. The job performance from an employee who has counterproductive behavior shows up poorly in evaluation, tasks, and in revenue.The impact counterproductive behavior has on the organization can affect the organization. A company loses money to pay employee who does no work on the clock. A counterproductive employee can turn productive employees into counterproductive employee because of their lack of motivation some might be influenced easily. * There are many strategies management to increase productive behavior and decrease counterproductive behavior. To increase productive behavior management can reward those employees for their job performance. This will help keep up the motivation for productive employees.By offering incentives, employees will be qui cker to complete tasks in an overall productive and effective manner. To decrease counterproductive behavior, management needs to look at the employees they can help and those who are not up for change. The best solution is just to terminate the employee who is not up for change, so that this behavior does not become contagious. A proficient way to minimize the amount of counterproductive behavior is to make sure that employees understand that there are penalties for nonproductive behavior in an organization.By allowing employees to comprehend the negative effects of counterproductive behavior, an organization is making the fact that a counterproductive behavior is unacceptable aware to the entire employee staff. This should make employees who normally exemplify counterproductive behavior more aware of the negative effect they are having on the organization and that there are consequences for their negativity. * In conclusion, most organizations have two types of behaviors. The type s of behaviors are productive and counterproductive behavior.The two types of behaviors are noticeable in the workplace. The one working, come into work on time, first to arrive last to leave, and excited about work is the employee exemplifying productive behavior. In order for an organization to be successful, management has to choose which behavior to uphold in the work place.References Jex, S. M. , & Britt, T. W. (2008) Organizational Psychology. A Scientist-Practitioner Approach (2nd ed. ). : John Wiley & Sons. * * . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *